Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that causes dry, itchy patches of skin. Atopic dermatitis is not contagious and can’t spread from one person to another.

It is more common in people with a family history of allergies or asthma. It can affect people of all ages, though it usually begins in childhood. The exact cause is unknown, but researchers believe it’s linked to genetics, dryness of skin, environmental factors, and some changes in the immune system.

Atopic dermatitis most commonly affects the face, neck, arms, and hands. The severity varies from person to person and with time. In some cases, it occurs only once or twice in a lifetime; in others, it lasts for many years or even decades.

The most common symptoms of atopic dermatitis include:

• Itching or burning sensation
• Dryness or cracking of the skin
• Patches of eczema on the skin
• Oozing and crusting of the skin

The good news is that many treatment options are available. You must visit your Dermatologist if you have atopic dermatitis because the treatment will vary depending on the severity of your symptoms. You can manage your symptoms with a combination of lifestyle changes and medications.

Here’s what you need to know about managing atopic dermatitis:

• Stick to your routine. Keeping a regular schedule for sleep, exercise, and meals can help reduce stress and prevent flare-ups. Regularly moisturize your skin liberally, especially after a bath.
• Keep your home allergen-free. Vacuum floors often, and regularly clean carpets and upholstered furniture. Don’t use scented products such as air fresheners or laundry detergents that may irritate sensitive skin.
• Wash clothes in fragrance-free and dye-free laundry detergents. Skip fabric softeners and dryer sheets. Consider using allergen-proof covers for mattresses and pillows if you’re allergic to dust mites. Use hypoallergenic bedding such as cotton sheets instead of synthetic materials like nylon or rayon. Change pillowcases regularly since dust mite allergens can build up on pillowcases.
• Use a mask when you vacuum or dust to prevent allergens from entering your respiratory tract. Air purifiers can help reduce exposure to allergens. Consider having carpets professionally cleaned for dust mites every six months.
• Atopic dermatitis often requires a combination of treatments to get the best results. In addition to over-the-counter emollient creams or lotions, you may need to use prescription medication.

The most common treatment for atopic dermatitis is topical corticosteroids. They work by reducing inflammation and relieving itching. Immunomodulatory creams are often used as maintenance treatments. There are also other options for more severe diseases like oral medications, injectables, and phototherapy. These can be prescribed by your Dermatologist as part of a larger treatment plan for atopic dermatitis.

The article is written by: Dr. Teena Mathews, Specialist Dermatologist