Pterygium is a common eye condition that often goes unnoticed until it starts causing discomfort or cosmetic or visual disturbances. Understanding what pterygium is, its causes, symptoms, and available treatments is crucial for maintaining good eye health. Let’s delve into the details!
What is Pterygium?
Pterygium (pronounced tuh-RIJ-ee-um) is a growth of tissue on the conjunctiva, which is the thin, transparent membrane covering the white part of the eye. It typically starts from the inner corner of the eye and grows towards the cornea. This growth can vary in size and shape, ranging from a small bump to a larger, fleshy mass.
Causes of Pterygium
While the exact cause of pterygium isn’t fully understood, it’s believed to be associated with prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light, dust, wind, and other environmental irritants. People who spend a lot of time outdoors, especially in sunny or windy conditions, are at a higher risk of developing pterygium.
Grades of Pterygium
Pterygium is often graded based on its size:
- Grade 1: Mild pterygium with minimal growth onto the cornea.
- Grade 2: Moderate pterygium with more significant growth onto
the cornea. - Grade 3: Severe pterygium with extensive growth onto the cornea, potentially affecting vision.
Dr. Puja Rai
Specialist OphthalmologistSpecialist OphthalmologistSpecialist Ophthalmologist
Signs and Symptoms
Pterygium might not cause noticeable symptoms in its early stages. However, as it progresses, individuals may experience:
- Redness and inflammation of the affected eye.
- Itching or irritation, especially when exposed to wind or dust.
- A gritty sensation, as if something is stuck in the eye.
- Blurred vision if the growth extends onto the cornea.
- Distortion of vision in severe cases.
No Medical Treatment
There is currently no medication or eye drops specifically designed to treat pterygium. However, individuals can alleviate discomfort and reduce the risk of progression by using artificial tears to keep the eye lubricated and wearing sunglasses to protect against UV exposure and environmental irritants.
Surgical Treatment
Surgery may be recommended for pterygium that causes significant discomfort, affects vision, or continues to grow despite conservative measures. Surgical removal of the pterygium is typically considered when:
- Vision is affected due to the growth encroaching onto the cornea.
- The pterygium causes persistent discomfort or irritation.
- Cosmetic concerns arise due to the appearance of the eye.
Surgical removal of pterygium involves excising the abnormal tissue and then grafting healthy conjunctival tissue onto the affected area to reduce the risk of recurrence. It’s important to note that surgery is usually considered only when the pterygium is actively growing or causing significant symptoms.
While there’s no medical treatment for pterygium, individuals can take steps to protect their eyes from environmental factors. Surgical intervention may be necessary in advanced cases to alleviate symptoms and prevent vision impairment. Regular eye examinations can help in early detection and management of pterygium. If you notice any changes in your vision or eye health, it’s essential to consult an eye specialist in Dubai promptly.